The red activation trigger should remain in ‘lock’ mode when not in use. To prepare for activation, firmly grip the canister in your dominant hand. Using the thumb slide the red trigger to the right to expose the spray nozzle. Aim the trigger nozzle directly at the subject’s eyes and face. Press the trigger firmly with your thumb to activate the stream spray. Release the trigger to stop the flow. It’s recommended to use the entire contents of the canister to ensure maximum effectiveness and allow time to get to safety.

While pepper spray is a non-lethal self-defense product, the effects of pepper spray are intense and long-lasting, however, not permanent. 

Pepper spray causes several physiological responses that affect the eyes, nose, and respiratory system. Capsaicin, the key ingredient,  induces a strong burning sensation, can cause temporary blindness, and respiratory distress.

Pepper spray sprayed in the eyes causes tearing, redness, and swelling. Breathing becomes shallow and strained. The unpleasant effects have the potential to incapacitate the subject, giving law enforcement or individuals with the means to control potential threats, time to react. The effects of pepper spray can last anywhere from 15 to 45 minutes. 

The sale, purchase, and use of pepper spray is not regulated by the federal government, but rather by each individual state. It’s important to always check your state and local laws prior to purchasing. While pepper spray is legal to carry in all 50 states, certain states have age, formulation, canister size, and shipping restrictions. Because regulations can and do change, it’s important to stay up to date on your state’s laws. Read a brief summary of state laws.

TSA prohibits pepper spray on-board aircraft, unless placed in a checked bag.